Codish Lexicon

idempotent — (1.) of unary functions, converging on a return value when reapplied, as when the returned value of one application is passed back as a parameter.   a unary function, f, is idempotent iff f(x) eq f(f(x)).   (1.a.) an attribute of a unary function that denotes whether the function is idempotent for all values in its domain.   (2.) of binary functions, returning the same value when that value is passed to both parameters.   a value is idempotent for a binary function iff f(x, x) eq x.   a binary function, g, is idempotent iff f(x, x) eq x for all x in its domain.   (2.a.) a binary function that returns whether a particular value is idempotent for a given binary function, meaning f(x, x) eq x.   (2.b.) an attribute of a binary function that denotes whether the function is idempotent for all values in the domain of both parameters.   classes: abs, absolute, normal   related: stateful ✍

stateful — an attribute of a function that indicates that a function may not always return the same result for given input because the result depends on state like an input stream or scope values.   opposite: stateless   related: idempotent   see: state   classes: complete, getset, reverse, update   mentioned: closure, count, in place, statement ✍

abs — absolute value.   returns the positive reflection of negative integers, returning positive numbers as they were.   a transitive function that maps integers into the natural number line.   distinct: absolute   is: stateless, idempotent   related: neg   python: abs(number) -> number Return the absolute value of the argument.†   perl: [number]: absolute value function†   php: absolute value &dagger.   distinct: pos   related: positive ✍

absolute — returns the fully qualified path for a given path and the cwd.   is: stateless, idempotent   distinct: abs, normal, canonical ✍

normal — file system: returns the one equivalent path that does not include parent ("..") and self (".") path components.   is: idempotent   distinct: canonical, absolute   geometry: a binary relation between a line and a plane that returns whether the line is perpendicular with every intersecting line in the plane.   distinct: perpendicular, orthogonal ✍

unary function — a unary function is a function that takes 1 parameter.   mentioned: idempotent ✍

return — a statement that stops the execution within a function, sending the cursor of execution to the function that applyed the current function, and providing a value for the apply expression.   perl: [control flow]: get out of a function early†   php: If called from within a function, the return() statement immediately ends execution of the current function, and returns its argument as the value of the function call. return() will also end the execution of an eval() statement or script file. &dagger.   mentioned: cut, empty, frame, group, higher order function, idempotent, iteration, whether ✍

value — data of any class.   see: def, variable   aka: datum   related: dict ✍

application — see: apply   mentioned: frame, idempotent ✍

param — a variable received by a function when it's called.   distinct: argument   distinct: arg   aka: parameter ✍

iff — if and only if.   related: if   related: whether   mentioned: idempotent ✍

eq — equal to.   a binary relation that notes whether two objects are mutually equivalent.   opposite: ne   is: binary relation   distinct: is   aka: equal, equals, equivalence relation, is same as, is same, same   mentioned: dict, idempotent, nxor, radix64, unique ✍

attr — an attribute of an object.   a setable and getable value associated with a symbol or name in an object.   in some languages, attributes are either private, protected, or public.   distinct: item   python: property   c++: member   aka: member, property   related: pair ✍

whether — indicates a boolean expression, particularly that a function returns a boolean expression.   related: if, iff ✍

function — related: scope, frame, closure   includes: apply   classes: binary function, boolean function ✍

all — returns whether all values froma given iterable are true.   short circuits on the first falsy value.   related: any, every   python: all(iterable) -> bool Return True if bool(x) is True for all values x in the iterable.†   aka: intersection   pertains: iterable   mentioned: idempotent ✍

domain — math: the set of all possible parameters of a transitive relation or keys of a dict.   distinct: space ✍

binary function — concept: a function that takes two parameters.   is: function   classes: binary relation   distinct: boolean function   mentioned: idempotent, identity ✍

state — data that is relevant to the flow of an algorithm at a particular time, sometimes representable as a cursor pointing at a vertex in a graph or machine.   the cursor in a machine.   an observable state sends a signal when a cursor arrives at the state.   aka: stateful   mentioned: continuation, iteration, protocol ✍

stateless — an attribute of a function that connotes that a function will always return the same result for given input.   opposite: stateful   classes: abs, absolute, add, div, first, mul, pad, reversed, slice, sub   mentioned: expression, getset, transitive ✍

complete — to copy the items from a source dictionary to a target if no item exists on the target collection with the respective key.   complete(target, source)   related: update   distinct: ready, done   is: stateful   concept: pertains to trees for which every leaf has the same depth, and every other child has a vertex for every possible child edge.   pertains: dict   see: done ✍

getset — dict: get the value for a given key, beforehand setting the value for the key to a default if no key exists yet.   is: stateful   distinct: get with a default value is stateless as it does not modify the object when it returns the default value.   pertains: collection ✍

reverse — to reverse a linear collection in place.   is: stateful   distinct: reversed   opposite: reverse   aka: tac   python: list: L.reverse() reverse *IN PLACE*.†   perl: [list]: flip a string or a list†   aka: array reverse ✍

update — to copy all items from a source dict to a target, overwriting any existing items with the corresponding key, but preserving all other items.   related: complete   is: stateful   python: dict: D.update(E, **F) -> None. Update D from E and F: for k in E: D[k] = E[k] (if E has keys else: for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v) then: for k in F: D[k] = F[k].†   python: set: Update a set with the union of itself and another.†   pertains: dict   distinct: extend, merge ✍

stream — a source or target for an ordered progression of values, usually characters in text by way of read and write. input streams are iterable.   is: iteration ✍

scope — an object that associates symbols or names with values for a block of code and can include a ref to another scope to defer to if a symbol does not exist, conceptually forming a stack with the current scope at the head.   related: function   aka: lexical scope   distinct: local   mentioned: closure, context, def, enclosure, global, keyword, stateful, var ✍

closure — a function and a ref to the frame it was defined in.   an object that represents a function (for behavior) and the context in which it was created at run-time (for stateful data captured in the scope).   the availability of closures in a language is predicated on run time gc of scopes, with a scope tree instead of a scope stack.   related: enclosure, function ✍

count — a stateful destructive operation that returns the number of values in an iteration.   distinct: length   python: list: L.count(value) -> integer return number of occurrences of value.†   python: str: S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.†   python: unicode: S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in Unicode string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.†   php: count all elements in an array, or properties in an object &dagger.   distinct: len   pertains: iterable   mentioned: fewest, most, range ✍

in place — concept: to statefully modify an object, such that the returned object is the modified parameter or context object.   mentioned: extend, push, unshift ✍

statement — an element of a program's syntax that may express stateful operations like assignment, control flow like if and while, or the evaluation of an expression.   mentioned: apply, block, control flow, exec, lvalue, return ✍

neg — arithmetic negation.   number: mul -1.   integer: returns the two's complement, which means to not2 then add 1.   distinct: not, not2, negative   related: abs, negative   mentioned: scalar, signed ✍

positive — a unary boolean function that returns whether a value is ge zero.   opposite: negative   related: abs   distinct: pos   is: sign   mentioned: cardinality, integer, natural, signed, true, uint, whole ✍

pos — temporal: position.   distinct: positive, abs, index, key   perl: [regex]: find or set the offset for the last/next m//g search†   php: alias of current() &dagger.   see: index   aka: position   mentioned: remove, shift, time, unshift ✍

negative — a unary boolean function that returns whether a value is lt zero.   opposite: positive   related: neg   distinct: neg   is: sign   mentioned: abs, false, integer, signed, uint ✍

integer — pertains to number values that are positive, negative, and zero, but have no mantissa.   integers have arbitrary magnitude.   distinct: int   distinct: natural, whole   mentioned: abs, bitwise, genericity, pointer, rational, real, ref ✍

transitive function — concept: a unary function that consistently returns the corresponding value in a range for a given key in a domain.   distinct: relation, binary relation, transitive relation ✍

map — a function that returns the respective values for an linear collection of keys and a transitive function.   commute: each   python: map(function, sequence[, sequence, ...]) -> list Return a list of the results of applying the function to the items of the argument sequence(s). If more than one sequence is given, the function is called with an argument list consisting of the corresponding item of each sequence, substituting None for missing values when not all sequences have the same length. If the function is None, return a list of the items of the sequence (or a list of tuples if more than one sequence).†   perl: [list]: apply a change to a list to get back a new list with the changes†   aka: array map   pertains: iterable   related: pair   mentioned: abs, binary relation, enumerate, equivalence relation, font, zip with ✍

natural — pertains to number values that are positive or zero.   natural numbers have arbitrary magnitude.   distinct: integer, whole, uint   mentioned: abs, binary, digit, unsigned ✍

number — concept: a whole, natural, integer, real, or complex numeric value.   a transitive function that returns the corresponding number, usually limited to a subset of the real domain like int or float. ✍

canonical — distinct: absolute, normal   aka: canonicalize   mentioned: canonize, path ✍

path — a list of edges that a cursor can traverse starting at a given vertex and stoping at another.   related in the context of file system paths: normal, absolute, canonical   aka: segment, segments   related: edges   mentioned: canonize, parent ✍

cwd — the current working deirectory   aka: pwd   unix: pwd   mentioned: absolute ✍

perpendicular — distinct: normal, orthogonal ✍

orthogonal — a binary relation between two lines that denotes that a point moving along one line, projected on the other line, would not move.   all perpendicular lines are orthogonal.   some skew lines are orthogonal but not perpendicular.   distinct: normal, perpendicular   mentioned: axis ✍

equivalent — mentioned: equivalence relation, normal ✍

parent — file system: a directory arrived at by the path component "..". the root of a file system often has a parent link to itself.   related: child, root, leaf, base, ancestor, descendant   opposite: child   transitive: ancestors   mentioned: heap array, normal, parent class ✍

self — mentioned: normal ✍

binary relation — concept: a binary function that returns whether the parameters have a given relationship (source to target), useful for map and for constructing graphs.   is: binary function, relation   distinct: boolean function   includes: eq, ne, lt, gt, le, ge   distinct: transitive function   classes: eq, ge, gt, le, lt, ne, transitive relation   related: relation   mentioned: equivalence relation, inherits, is, judge, normal, orthogonal, skew ✍

line — mentioned: axis, cli, new line, normal, orthogonal, plot, read line, skew ✍

plane — a 2 dimensional domain of points.   related: planar   mentioned: angle, normal ✍