Codish Lexicon

integer — pertains to number values that are positive, negative, and zero, but have no mantissa.   integers have arbitrary magnitude.   distinct: int   distinct: natural, whole   mentioned: abs, bitwise, genericity, pointer, rational, real, ref ✍

int — a magnitude-limited integer.   a constructor or transitive function for an integer type that may convert strings to integers in a given radix or default to 10, or round floating point or decimal numbers with floor.   a linear ordered collection of bits of fixed length. if iterating an integer as a bit vector is supported by a language, it starts from the little end, the lowest magnitude, bit 0.   related: floor, ceil   classes: nyble, byte, signed, unsigned, int16, int32, int64, uint16, uint32, uint64   python: int(x[, base]) -> integer Convert a string or number to an integer, if possible. A floating point argument will be truncated towards zero (this does not include a string representation of a floating point number!) When converting a string, use the optional base. It is an error to supply a base when converting a non-string. If the argument is outside the integer range a long object will be returned instead.†   perl: [number]: get the integer portion of a number†   distinct: integer   aka: word   mentioned: char, long, short, symbol, uint ✍

natural — pertains to number values that are positive or zero.   natural numbers have arbitrary magnitude.   distinct: integer, whole, uint   mentioned: abs, binary, digit, unsigned ✍

whole — pertains to number values that are positive, but not zero.   distinct: natural, integer, uint   mentioned: digit ✍

number — concept: a whole, natural, integer, real, or complex numeric value.   a transitive function that returns the corresponding number, usually limited to a subset of the real domain like int or float. ✍

value — data of any class.   see: def, variable   aka: datum   related: dict ✍

positive — a unary boolean function that returns whether a value is ge zero.   opposite: negative   related: abs   distinct: pos   is: sign   mentioned: cardinality, integer, natural, signed, true, uint, whole ✍

negative — a unary boolean function that returns whether a value is lt zero.   opposite: positive   related: neg   distinct: neg   is: sign   mentioned: abs, false, integer, signed, uint ✍

zero — returns the arithmetic identity of a class, object, or group. this is a value that when added to any value of a particular class returns the same value. for numbers, this is the value of zero (0). for any collection class, this is an empty collection. for a string, this is a null string, "". for a tuple, this is the nuple.   related: unit   related: add, false, sub ✍

identity: x add x.class.zero = x

mantissa — the portion of a number representation that follows after the period, in any radix.   aka: fixed, float   mentioned: integer, precision, rational, real ✍

magnitude — the floor of the logarithm of a number in its radix add 1, signifying the number of digits it contains to the left of the decimal point.   opposite: precision ✍

abs — absolute value.   returns the positive reflection of negative integers, returning positive numbers as they were.   a transitive function that maps integers into the natural number line.   distinct: absolute   is: stateless, idempotent   related: neg   python: abs(number) -> number Return the absolute value of the argument.†   perl: [number]: absolute value function†   php: absolute value &dagger.   distinct: pos   related: positive ✍

bitwise — pertains to functions that operate on integer values as an ordered linear collection of boolean bits.   bitwise functions all conceptually apply the corresponding logical function on the respective bits   includes: and2, or2, nand2, nor2, xor2, nxor2, not2   distinct: binary, boolean, logical   classes: and2, nand2, nor2, not2, nxor2, or2, xor2 ✍

genericity — c++: pertains to groups of template classes that are effectively duck classes, often used with operator overload to create classes that emulate the behavior of primative classes like integers.   related: generic ✍

pointer — an integer that identifies a memory location.   unlike a reference, a pointer must be transparent, so having a pointer means that you can do arithmetic on that pointer to find relative memory locations.   distinct: ref   aka: address   c++: a pointer and a reference are distinguished with different syntax, where a reference is an implicitly dereferenced pointer.   see: cursor   related: deref   mentioned: begin, end ✍

rational — a number that can be represented as a fraction.   rational numbers can have an infinite, repeating portion of their mantissa and can be represented by a numerator and denominator from the integer domain.   distinct: real ✍

real — a number that may have both integer and mantissa components, both with both arbitrary precission and magnitude.   distinct: rational, float, fixed   python: complex: the real part of a complex number.†   mentioned: cardinality ✍

ref — reference.   a representation of a integer that identifies the location of an object in memory.   a reference may be an opaque object, meaning that having a reference does not necessarily imply knowledge of the underlying integer value.   references may be strong or weak for purpose of garbage collection, and may imply the location of supplementary data like a reference counter or class annotations.   distinct: pointer   perl: [class]: find out the type of thing being referenced†   distinct: cursor, identity   related: deref   aka: reference ✍

floor — rounds a number toward negative infinity.   opposite: ceil   php: round fractions down &dagger.   related: int   mentioned: magnitude ✍

ceil — rounds a number toward infinity.   opposite: floor   php: round fractions up &dagger.   related: int ✍

nyble — 4 bits, representable as a single digit in hex.   is: int ✍

byte — an 8 bit int.   c: called char.   distinct: char   is: int   mentioned: hex, radix64, read line, read, write ✍

signed — pertains: integers that use their big bit to represent whether the int is positive or negative. negative integers are usually stored in "two's complement" form, meaning that, neg can be calculated with not and adding 1.   opposite: unsigned   is: int   related: sign   mentioned: int16, int32, int64 ✍

identity: neg(x) eq (not(x) add 1)

unsigned — pertains: integers that can only represent natural numbers, using their big bit like any other bit, to represent magnitude.   opposite: signed   is: int   mentioned: uint, uint16, uint32, uint64 ✍

int16 — a 16 bit signed int.   is: int   mentioned: short ✍

int32 — a 32 bit signed int.   is: int   mentioned: long ✍

int64 — a 64 bit signed int.   is: int   aka: quad ✍

uint16 — a 16 bit unsigned int.   is: int ✍

uint32 — a 32 bit unsigned int.   is: int ✍

uint64 — a 64 bit unsigned int.   is: int ✍

word — see: name, symbol, int, long, string ✍

transitive function — concept: a unary function that consistently returns the corresponding value in a range for a given key in a domain.   distinct: relation, binary relation, transitive relation ✍

string — an ordered, though not sorted, collection of characters.   is: linear collection   seuss: text   aka: word ✍

radix — the base number for a numeric notation that, when raised to the index of a digit, determines the multiplicative value of that digit.   see: decimal, bin, hex, oct   distinct: base, root   mentioned: binary, digit, int, magnitude, mantissa, order of magnitude, radix32, radix36, radix64 ✍

see: Prefixes and Words Based on Latin Number Names.

default — mentioned: cut, get, getset, int, range ✍

round — python: round(number[, ndigits]) -> floating point number Round a number to a given precision in decimal digits (default 0 digits). This always returns a floating point number. Precision may be negative.†   php: rounds a float &dagger.   mentioned: int ✍

float — a floating precision number.   opposite: fixed   see: mantissa, exp   python: float(x) -> floating point number Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible.†   distinct: real   mentioned: int ✍

decimal — a number of radix 10.   to convert a number to radix 10.   distinct: dec   aka: radix   mentioned: int ✍

linear — having 1 dimension.   an array is a linear collection.   related: scalar, planar, spatial, temporal   aka: planar ✍

order — mentioned: ancestors, children, concat, descendants, fifo, heap array, int, lexicographic, record, seq, stable, string, struct, structure, uniq ✍

collection — a class of compound objects that contain and organize values.   attrs: len, has, get, set, reset, getset, put, del, cut, insert, remove, discard, empty, erase   classes: linear collection, planar collection, spatial collection   seuss: que   classes: dict   related: compound ✍

bit — the most atomic unit of memory, a value of true or false, represented as a 0 or a 1.   a byte is composed of 8 bits.   related: bool, binary ✍

len — the number of values in a collection, even unordered collections.   distinct: size, width, count   aka: length   pertains: collection   python: len(object) -> integer Return the number of items of a sequence or mapping.† ✍

iter — to iterate, or return an iteration.   is: iterable   python: iter(collection) -> iterator; iter(callable, sentinel) -> iterator Get an iterator from an object. In the first form, the argument must supply its own iterator, or be a sequence. In the second form, the callable is called until it returns the sentinel.†   related: iterable   aka: iterate ✍

little — as in little endian, referring to the least order of magnitude.   opposite: big   distinct: small, less   mentioned: int ✍

end — the terminal position of a cursor.   returns a pointer to the end of a contiguous ordered collection, like an array. the beginning added to the length of the allocated memory.   opposite: end   related: begins   distinct: stop   seuss: begon   php: set the internal pointer of an array to its last element &dagger.   opposite: begin ✍

char — a character in text, associated with a codepoint number of arbitrary precision, albeit from the ascii, unicode, or any other charset.   a transitive function that coerces numbers and chars to chars.   c: often stored in a wchar_t int class.   aka: character, chr   distinct: byte, character   classes: letter ✍

Length of chars in bits for some charsets

charset	bit length
ascii	7
eascii	8
ucs2	16
ucs4	32
utf8	8-32
utf16	16-32

long — c: usually an int32. a class of int that has a length that is ge the default int length.   opposite: short   python: long(x[, base]) -> integer Convert a string or number to a long integer, if possible. A floating point argument will be truncated towards zero (this does not include a string representation of a floating point number!) When converting a string, use the optional base. It is an error to supply a base when converting a non-string.†   aka: word ✍

short — c: usually an int16. a class of int that has a length that is le the default int length.   opposite: long ✍

symbol — a unique key for the value of an attr on an object.   symbols can be used to accelerate attribute lookup, and to provide a way to avoid name collisions for interface implementations. symbols can be integers with a non-unique string representation.   aka: word   mentioned: aliaser, del attr, get attr, override, polymorphism, scope, semantics, set attr, syntax ✍