Codish Lexicon

negative — a unary boolean function that returns whether a value is lt zero.   opposite: positive   related: neg   distinct: neg   is: sign   mentioned: abs, false, integer, signed, uint ✍

positive — a unary boolean function that returns whether a value is ge zero.   opposite: negative   related: abs   distinct: pos   is: sign   mentioned: cardinality, integer, natural, signed, true, uint, whole ✍

neg — arithmetic negation.   number: mul -1.   integer: returns the two's complement, which means to not2 then add 1.   distinct: not, not2, negative   related: abs, negative   mentioned: scalar, signed ✍

sign — related: signed   classes: positive, negative ✍

unary — describes functions that take one parameter.   related: unit   mentioned: boolean function, negative, positive, transitive function, transitive, unary function ✍

boolean function — a unary function that returns whether a value passes or fails a particular criterion or condition.   is: function   distinct: binary function   distinct: binary relation   mentioned: empty, filter, negative, positive ✍

value — data of any class.   see: def, variable   aka: datum   related: dict ✍

lt — less than.   is: transitive relation, binary relation   inverse: ge   related: min   aka: smaller   mentioned: le, less, negative ✍

zero — returns the arithmetic identity of a class, object, or group. this is a value that when added to any value of a particular class returns the same value. for numbers, this is the value of zero (0). for any collection class, this is an empty collection. for a string, this is a null string, "". for a tuple, this is the nuple.   related: unit   related: add, false, sub ✍

identity: x add x.class.zero = x

abs — absolute value.   returns the positive reflection of negative integers, returning positive numbers as they were.   a transitive function that maps integers into the natural number line.   distinct: absolute   is: stateless, idempotent   related: neg   python: abs(number) -> number Return the absolute value of the argument.†   perl: [number]: absolute value function†   php: absolute value &dagger.   distinct: pos   related: positive ✍

false — a boolean value that corresponds to all things negative or   related: zero   aka: no   python: bool(x) -> bool Returns True when the argument x is true, False otherwise. The builtins True and False are the only two instances of the class bool. The class bool is a subclass of the class int, and cannot be subclassed.†   mentioned: bit, cond, falsy ✍

integer — pertains to number values that are positive, negative, and zero, but have no mantissa.   integers have arbitrary magnitude.   distinct: int   distinct: natural, whole   mentioned: abs, bitwise, genericity, pointer, rational, real, ref ✍

signed — pertains: integers that use their big bit to represent whether the int is positive or negative. negative integers are usually stored in "two's complement" form, meaning that, neg can be calculated with not and adding 1.   opposite: unsigned   is: int   related: sign   mentioned: int16, int32, int64 ✍

identity: neg(x) eq (not(x) add 1)

uint — a magnitude-limited natural number.   an unsigned int, meaning the most significant bit, the big end, does not represent whether the int is positive or negative, but rather adds another bit of precision.   distinct: natural, whole ✍

pos — temporal: position.   distinct: positive, abs, index, key   perl: [regex]: find or set the offset for the last/next m//g search†   php: alias of current() &dagger.   see: index   aka: position   mentioned: remove, shift, time, unshift ✍

ge — greater than or equal to.   gt(a, b) is equivalent to not(lt(a, b)).   is: binary relation   invsere: lt   aka: gte   inverse: lt   mentioned: long, positive ✍

cardinality — math: size, magnitude, length, thus cardinality values are in the domain of zero and positive real numbers.   see: cardinal, length ✍

natural — pertains to number values that are positive or zero.   natural numbers have arbitrary magnitude.   distinct: integer, whole, uint   mentioned: abs, binary, digit, unsigned ✍

true — a boolean value that corresponds to all things positive or affirmative.   a non-zero value.   aka: yes, nonzero   python: bool(x) -> bool Returns True when the argument x is true, False otherwise. The builtins True and False are the only two instances of the class bool. The class bool is a subclass of the class int, and cannot be subclassed.†   mentioned: bit, cond, if, truthy ✍

whole — pertains to number values that are positive, but not zero.   distinct: natural, integer, uint   mentioned: digit ✍

not — logical negation.   related: not2   distinct: neg   mentioned: nand, nand2, nor, nor2, nxor, nxor2, signed ✍

	X	not X
0	false	true
1	true	false

not2 — bitwise not.   is: bitwise   distinct: neg   related: not ✍

mul — multiply.   oppostie: div   is: multiplicative, stateless   related: unit   related: and, product   aka: array product   opposite: div   mentioned: complexity function, identity, linear logarithmic time, linear time, neg, non polynomial time, reciprocal ✍

add — returns the result of adding values arithmetically.   opposite: sub   is: arithmetic, stateless   related: zero   python: set: Add an element to a set. This has no effect if the element is already present.†   related: bale, or, sum   aka: concat, merge, plus   distinct: extend   mentioned: complexity function, end, identity, magnitude, neg, non polynomial time, signed ✍

scalar — pertains to 1-dimensional, non-negative values.   related: linear, planar, spatial, temporal   perl: force a scalar context†   aka: planar   mentioned: hash, lapse, vector ✍

unit — returns the multiplicative identity of a class, object, or group. this is a value that when multiplied by any value of a particular class, returns the same value. for numbers, strings, and most other values, this is the value of one (1). for a matrix, this is a square matrix with unit 1's along the diagonal and zero 0's elsewhere.   related: zero, unary   related: div, mul   mentioned: dec, inc, product ✍

identity: x mul x.class.unit = x

function — related: scope, frame, closure   includes: apply   classes: binary function, boolean function ✍

param — a variable received by a function when it's called.   distinct: argument   distinct: arg   aka: parameter ✍

transitive function — concept: a unary function that consistently returns the corresponding value in a range for a given key in a domain.   distinct: relation, binary relation, transitive relation ✍

transitive — going consistently from a source to a target, as a directed edge in a graph or as a stateless unary function.   see: transitive function, transitive relation   mentioned: ancestors, descendants ✍

unary function — a unary function is a function that takes 1 parameter.   mentioned: idempotent ✍

binary relation — concept: a binary function that returns whether the parameters have a given relationship (source to target), useful for map and for constructing graphs.   is: binary function, relation   distinct: boolean function   includes: eq, ne, lt, gt, le, ge   distinct: transitive function   classes: eq, ge, gt, le, lt, ne, transitive relation   related: relation   mentioned: equivalence relation, inherits, is, judge, normal, orthogonal, skew ✍

binary function — concept: a function that takes two parameters.   is: function   classes: binary relation   distinct: boolean function   mentioned: idempotent, identity ✍

whether — indicates a boolean expression, particularly that a function returns a boolean expression.   related: if, iff ✍

pass — distinct: noop, k-combinator   opposite: fail   distinct: ok   mentioned: boolean function, where ✍

fail — opposite: pass   mentioned: boolean function, filter ✍

empty — pertains to collections that have no values.   a boolean function that returns whether a collection has a length of zero. empty must be implemented in terms of len such that if len is polymorphically overridden, empty's behavior will be consistent.   distinct: erase   php: determine whether a variable is empty &dagger.   pertains: collection   mentioned: doubly ✍

filter — to return a stable copy of a list omitting all of the values that fail a given condition (boolean function).   distinct: where   python: filter(function or None, sequence) -> list, tuple, or string Return those items of sequence for which function(item) is true. If function is None, return the items that are true. If sequence is a tuple or string, return the same type, else return a list.†   pertains: iterable ✍

def — to define; to put a local variable in the current scope of a context.   aka: value   distinct: var ✍

variable — see: var   distinct: literal   aka: value   related: verbatim ✍

dict — an unordered linear collection (particularly a set) of items that expresses a relation of keys (domain) to values (range).   in systems where dict inherits bag, it overrides the hash and eq attr functions.   is: collection, bag   attrs: keys, values, items, update, complete   related: item, key, value   distinct: object   perl: hash   seuss: a saque of items.   python: dict() -> new empty dictionary.; dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs.† ✍

datum — see: value   plural: data ✍

data — a collection of meaningful values in memory.   singular: datum   mentioned: atom, atomic, closure, compound, load, message, record, struct, structure ✍

class — a group of interchangeable objects they explicitly inherit a common base class.   distinct: type, duck, interface   distinct: group   aka: content type, instance, record, struct, structure, type ✍

adjust — to move a value either up or down in a bag based on its value and the comparison function of the bag.   related: priority ✍

array — an ordered linear collection implementation that employs a region of contiguous memory where each value is stored at an index offset from the beginning of the memory region.   a linear collection that provides fast random access and iteration to its values with get, set, and iter.   php: create an array &dagger.   related: chain   interface: linear collection, ordered ✍

assign — a statement that sets an lvalue to a value.   mentioned: destructure ✍

attr — an attribute of an object.   a setable and getable value associated with a symbol or name in an object.   in some languages, attributes are either private, protected, or public.   distinct: item   python: property   c++: member   aka: member, property   related: pair ✍

axis — a line that passes through an origin, passes through every value in one dimension, and is orthogonal with all others.   mentioned: atan, atan2, cardinal, plot ✍

back — pertains to the previous value.   opposite: forward   related: prev   opposite: fore ✍