Codish Lexicon

positive — a unary boolean function that returns whether a value is ge zero.   opposite: negative   related: abs   distinct: pos   is: sign   mentioned: cardinality, integer, natural, signed, true, uint, whole ✍

negative — a unary boolean function that returns whether a value is lt zero.   opposite: positive   related: neg   distinct: neg   is: sign   mentioned: abs, false, integer, signed, uint ✍

abs — absolute value.   returns the positive reflection of negative integers, returning positive numbers as they were.   a transitive function that maps integers into the natural number line.   distinct: absolute   is: stateless, idempotent   related: neg   python: abs(number) -> number Return the absolute value of the argument.†   perl: [number]: absolute value function†   php: absolute value &dagger.   distinct: pos   related: positive ✍

sign — related: signed   classes: positive, negative ✍

pos — temporal: position.   distinct: positive, abs, index, key   perl: [regex]: find or set the offset for the last/next m//g search†   php: alias of current() &dagger.   see: index   aka: position   mentioned: remove, shift, time, unshift ✍

unary — describes functions that take one parameter.   related: unit   mentioned: boolean function, negative, positive, transitive function, transitive, unary function ✍

boolean function — a unary function that returns whether a value passes or fails a particular criterion or condition.   is: function   distinct: binary function   distinct: binary relation   mentioned: empty, filter, negative, positive ✍

value — data of any class.   see: def, variable   aka: datum   related: dict ✍

ge — greater than or equal to.   gt(a, b) is equivalent to not(lt(a, b)).   is: binary relation   invsere: lt   aka: gte   inverse: lt   mentioned: long, positive ✍

zero — returns the arithmetic identity of a class, object, or group. this is a value that when added to any value of a particular class returns the same value. for numbers, this is the value of zero (0). for any collection class, this is an empty collection. for a string, this is a null string, "". for a tuple, this is the nuple.   related: unit   related: add, false, sub ✍

identity: x add x.class.zero = x

cardinality — math: size, magnitude, length, thus cardinality values are in the domain of zero and positive real numbers.   see: cardinal, length ✍

integer — pertains to number values that are positive, negative, and zero, but have no mantissa.   integers have arbitrary magnitude.   distinct: int   distinct: natural, whole   mentioned: abs, bitwise, genericity, pointer, rational, real, ref ✍

natural — pertains to number values that are positive or zero.   natural numbers have arbitrary magnitude.   distinct: integer, whole, uint   mentioned: abs, binary, digit, unsigned ✍

signed — pertains: integers that use their big bit to represent whether the int is positive or negative. negative integers are usually stored in "two's complement" form, meaning that, neg can be calculated with not and adding 1.   opposite: unsigned   is: int   related: sign   mentioned: int16, int32, int64 ✍

identity: neg(x) eq (not(x) add 1)

true — a boolean value that corresponds to all things positive or affirmative.   a non-zero value.   aka: yes, nonzero   python: bool(x) -> bool Returns True when the argument x is true, False otherwise. The builtins True and False are the only two instances of the class bool. The class bool is a subclass of the class int, and cannot be subclassed.†   mentioned: bit, cond, if, truthy ✍

uint — a magnitude-limited natural number.   an unsigned int, meaning the most significant bit, the big end, does not represent whether the int is positive or negative, but rather adds another bit of precision.   distinct: natural, whole ✍

whole — pertains to number values that are positive, but not zero.   distinct: natural, integer, uint   mentioned: digit ✍

neg — arithmetic negation.   number: mul -1.   integer: returns the two's complement, which means to not2 then add 1.   distinct: not, not2, negative   related: abs, negative   mentioned: scalar, signed ✍

lt — less than.   is: transitive relation, binary relation   inverse: ge   related: min   aka: smaller   mentioned: le, less, negative ✍

false — a boolean value that corresponds to all things negative or   related: zero   aka: no   python: bool(x) -> bool Returns True when the argument x is true, False otherwise. The builtins True and False are the only two instances of the class bool. The class bool is a subclass of the class int, and cannot be subclassed.†   mentioned: bit, cond, falsy ✍

stateless — an attribute of a function that connotes that a function will always return the same result for given input.   opposite: stateful   classes: abs, absolute, add, div, first, mul, pad, reversed, slice, sub   mentioned: expression, getset, transitive ✍

idempotent — (1.) of unary functions, converging on a return value when reapplied, as when the returned value of one application is passed back as a parameter.   a unary function, f, is idempotent iff f(x) eq f(f(x)).   (1.a.) an attribute of a unary function that denotes whether the function is idempotent for all values in its domain.   (2.) of binary functions, returning the same value when that value is passed to both parameters.   a value is idempotent for a binary function iff f(x, x) eq x.   a binary function, g, is idempotent iff f(x, x) eq x for all x in its domain.   (2.a.) a binary function that returns whether a particular value is idempotent for a given binary function, meaning f(x, x) eq x.   (2.b.) an attribute of a binary function that denotes whether the function is idempotent for all values in the domain of both parameters.   classes: abs, absolute, normal   related: stateful ✍

absolute — returns the fully qualified path for a given path and the cwd.   is: stateless, idempotent   distinct: abs, normal, canonical ✍

transitive function — concept: a unary function that consistently returns the corresponding value in a range for a given key in a domain.   distinct: relation, binary relation, transitive relation ✍

map — a function that returns the respective values for an linear collection of keys and a transitive function.   commute: each   python: map(function, sequence[, sequence, ...]) -> list Return a list of the results of applying the function to the items of the argument sequence(s). If more than one sequence is given, the function is called with an argument list consisting of the corresponding item of each sequence, substituting None for missing values when not all sequences have the same length. If the function is None, return a list of the items of the sequence (or a list of tuples if more than one sequence).†   perl: [list]: apply a change to a list to get back a new list with the changes†   aka: array map   pertains: iterable   related: pair   mentioned: abs, binary relation, enumerate, equivalence relation, font, zip with ✍

number — concept: a whole, natural, integer, real, or complex numeric value.   a transitive function that returns the corresponding number, usually limited to a subset of the real domain like int or float. ✍

index — a key number for an ordered linear collection.   finds the first value that matches a given value and returns its key number. otherwise returns -1 to indicate failure.   opposite: last index   aka: offset, pos   python: list: L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.†   python: str: S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.†   python: unicode: S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.†   perl: [string]: find a substring within a string†   distinct: find, pos ✍

key — an object that one can index into a collection to retrieve a value.   php: fetch a key from an array &dagger.   related: dict   aka: id   distinct: pos ✍

position — see: pos ✍

remove — removes a value from a collection, based on its value, not its key or position.   opposite: insert   distinct: del, erase   aka: rm   python: list: L.remove(value) remove first occurrence of value.†   python: set: Remove an element from a set; it must be a member. If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.†   pertains: bag, collection   aka: unlink   mentioned: discard, strip, strop, trim begin, trim end, trim ✍

shift — to remove and return the first value of a linear collection.   python: the idiom for shift in python is to pop with a position of zero.   opposite: unshift, pop   seuss: opposite: shoft, pish   perl: [array]: remove the first element of an array, and return it†   aka: array shift, dequeue, pip   pertains: ordered   opposite: shoft   mentioned: bag, deque, list, queue ✍

time — the fourth dimension, measured as a pos from the start of a day to the end of a day.   perl: [time]: return number of seconds since 1970†   php: return current unix timestamp &dagger.   mentioned: complexity function, moment ✍

unshift — to augment a linear collection in place by adding a value to the beginning, moving existing values rightward.   python: the idiom for unshift in python is to use insert with a position of zero.   aka: bump, propend, prepend   seuss: pish   perl: [array]: prepend more elements to the beginning of a list†   aka: array unshift   pertains: ordered   opposite: push, shift   mentioned: bag, deque, list ✍

unit — returns the multiplicative identity of a class, object, or group. this is a value that when multiplied by any value of a particular class, returns the same value. for numbers, strings, and most other values, this is the value of one (1). for a matrix, this is a square matrix with unit 1's along the diagonal and zero 0's elsewhere.   related: zero, unary   related: div, mul   mentioned: dec, inc, product ✍

identity: x mul x.class.unit = x

function — related: scope, frame, closure   includes: apply   classes: binary function, boolean function ✍

param — a variable received by a function when it's called.   distinct: argument   distinct: arg   aka: parameter ✍

transitive — going consistently from a source to a target, as a directed edge in a graph or as a stateless unary function.   see: transitive function, transitive relation   mentioned: ancestors, descendants ✍

unary function — a unary function is a function that takes 1 parameter.   mentioned: idempotent ✍

binary relation — concept: a binary function that returns whether the parameters have a given relationship (source to target), useful for map and for constructing graphs.   is: binary function, relation   distinct: boolean function   includes: eq, ne, lt, gt, le, ge   distinct: transitive function   classes: eq, ge, gt, le, lt, ne, transitive relation   related: relation   mentioned: equivalence relation, inherits, is, judge, normal, orthogonal, skew ✍

binary function — concept: a function that takes two parameters.   is: function   classes: binary relation   distinct: boolean function   mentioned: idempotent, identity ✍

whether — indicates a boolean expression, particularly that a function returns a boolean expression.   related: if, iff ✍

pass — distinct: noop, k-combinator   opposite: fail   distinct: ok   mentioned: boolean function, where ✍

fail — opposite: pass   mentioned: boolean function, filter ✍

empty — pertains to collections that have no values.   a boolean function that returns whether a collection has a length of zero. empty must be implemented in terms of len such that if len is polymorphically overridden, empty's behavior will be consistent.   distinct: erase   php: determine whether a variable is empty &dagger.   pertains: collection   mentioned: doubly ✍

filter — to return a stable copy of a list omitting all of the values that fail a given condition (boolean function).   distinct: where   python: filter(function or None, sequence) -> list, tuple, or string Return those items of sequence for which function(item) is true. If function is None, return the items that are true. If sequence is a tuple or string, return the same type, else return a list.†   pertains: iterable ✍

def — to define; to put a local variable in the current scope of a context.   aka: value   distinct: var ✍

variable — see: var   distinct: literal   aka: value   related: verbatim ✍

dict — an unordered linear collection (particularly a set) of items that expresses a relation of keys (domain) to values (range).   in systems where dict inherits bag, it overrides the hash and eq attr functions.   is: collection, bag   attrs: keys, values, items, update, complete   related: item, key, value   distinct: object   perl: hash   seuss: a saque of items.   python: dict() -> new empty dictionary.; dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs.† ✍

datum — see: value   plural: data ✍

data — a collection of meaningful values in memory.   singular: datum   mentioned: atom, atomic, closure, compound, load, message, record, struct, structure ✍