Codish Lexicon

user — see: account   mentioned: repl ✍

account — aka: user ✍

repl — read, eval, print loop.   a cli for a programming language, where each command is read from the tty and evaluated, and the result is printed until the user breaks the loop.   a {repl} usually provides a line editor, so characters from the user are not sent directly to the evaluator.   is: cli   related: cli ✍

cli — command line user interface.   a user interface that includes a message buffer (often reviewable via scrolling), where commands are accepted at the bottom, after a prompt, with an editable string line, after which the results of each command are displayed.   related: gui, repl   aka: command line interface   classes: repl   is: ui   mentioned: tty ✍

read — to acquire text of chars or arrays of bytes from a stream.   opposite: write   python: file: read([size]) -> read at most size bytes, returned as a string. If the size argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached. Notice that when in non-blocking mode, less data than what was requested may be returned, even if no size parameter was given.†   perl: [binary]: fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle†   distinct: recieve   aka: recv   mentioned: open, pump, read line, repl ✍

eval — evaluate.   returns the value of an expression.   inverse: repr   related: exec   python: eval(source[, globals[, locals]]) -> value Evaluate the source in the context of globals and locals. The source may be a string representing a Python expression or a code object as returned by compile(). The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mapping, defaulting to the current globals and locals. If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.†   perl: catch exceptions or compile and run code†   php: evaluate a string as php code &dagger.   aka: exec, run   mentioned: apply, repl, return, statement ✍

print — perl: [stream]: output a list to a filehandle†   php: output a string &dagger.   distinct: log   mentioned: repl ✍

loop — mentioned: repl ✍

tty — a terminal, classically a "teletype" terminal (thus the acronym {tty}) but usually emulated.   {tty}s are particularly suited for clis, but some applications on some terminals can move the cursor, change colors, and draw over the entire screen.   aka: terminal   is: ui   mentioned: repl ✍

break — mentioned: repl ✍

char — a character in text, associated with a codepoint number of arbitrary precision, albeit from the ascii, unicode, or any other charset.   a transitive function that coerces numbers and chars to chars.   c: often stored in a wchar_t int class.   aka: character, chr   distinct: byte, character   classes: letter ✍

Length of chars in bits for some charsets

charset	bit length
ascii	7
eascii	8
ucs2	16
ucs4	32
utf8	8-32
utf16	16-32

gui — graphical user interface.   related: cli   aka: graphic user interface   is: ui   mentioned: app ✍

ui — aka: user interface   classes: cli, gui, tty ✍

command line interface — see: cli   mentioned: shell ✍

prompt — mentioned: cli ✍

string — an ordered, though not sorted, collection of characters.   is: linear collection   seuss: text   aka: word ✍

line — mentioned: axis, cli, new line, normal, orthogonal, plot, read line, skew ✍

write — to send an ordered collection of values (usually a text of chars or an array of bytes) to a stream.   distinct: send   opposite: read   related: flush   python: file: write(str) -> None. Write string str to file. Note that due to buffering, flush() or close() may be needed before the file on disk reflects the data written.†   perl: [stream]: print a picture record†   mentioned: open ✍

recieve — opposite: send   distinct: read   aka: recv ✍

recv — see: read, recieve   see: send   perl: [socket]: receive a [message] over a [socket]† ✍

text — seuss: string   mentioned: case, char, file, join, machine, read, split, stream, write ✍

array — an ordered linear collection implementation that employs a region of contiguous memory where each value is stored at an index offset from the beginning of the memory region.   a linear collection that provides fast random access and iteration to its values with get, set, and iter.   php: create an array &dagger.   related: chain   interface: linear collection, ordered ✍

byte — an 8 bit int.   c: called char.   distinct: char   is: int   mentioned: hex, radix64, read line, read, write ✍

stream — a source or target for an ordered progression of values, usually characters in text by way of read and write. input streams are iterable.   is: iteration ✍

file — a region of physical memory, moderated by the os, that contains text that one can read, write, and exec.   python: file(name[, mode[, buffering]]) -> file object Open a file. The mode can be 'r', 'w' or 'a' for reading (default), writing or appending. The file will be created if it doesn't exist when opened for writing or appending; it will be truncated when opened for writing. Add a 'b' to the mode for binary files. Add a '+' to the mode to allow simultaneous reading and writing. If the buffering argument is given, 0 means unbuffered, 1 means line buffered, and larger numbers specify the buffer size. Add a 'U' to mode to open the file for input with universal newline support. Any line ending in the input file will be seen as a '\n' in Python. Also, a file so opened gains the attribute 'newlines'; the value for this attribute is one of None (no newline read yet), '\r', '\n', '\r\n' or a tuple containing all the newline types seen. 'U' cannot be combined with 'w' or '+' mode.†   php: reads entire file into an array &dagger. ✍

open — to create a stream so one can read or write a file.   python: open(name[, mode[, buffering]]) -> file object Open a file using the file() type, returns a file object.†   perl: [file system]: open a file, pipe, or descriptor† ✍

pump — a process that assertively reads from one stream and echoes the values in order to another stream. ✍

read line — blocks a stream until a full line has been read. lines are terminated by either a record separator (like new line) or by a blocking read call that returns no characters or bytes. ✍

exec — execute.   executes the statements of a program.   see: eval   perl: [process]: abandon this program to run another†   php: execute an external program &dagger.   distinct: bin   related: eval   aka: run   mentioned: apply, atomic, continuation, control flow, file, raise, return, shell ✍

run — to start and continue until a stop.   see: exec, eval   mentioned: boot, complexity function, program ✍

value — data of any class.   see: def, variable   aka: datum   related: dict ✍

expression — an element of a program's syntax, typically used to express stateless computation through function application (apply), including algebraic operators.   aka: term   mentioned: destructure, eval, heap array, literal, lvalue, return, statement, whether ✍

repr — a string representation of an object graph starting from a given object, possibly abbreviated, sometimes suitable for eval.   inverse: eval   ruby: inspect   python: repr   python: repr(object) -> string Return the canonical string representation of the object. For most object types, eval(repr(object)) == object.†   related: enquote   opposite: enquote   mentioned: digit, literal, oct ✍

apply — to eval or exec a function. this involves creating a frame, passing parameters to arguments, and evaluating or executing each statement in the function's block.   aka: invoke   python: apply(object[, args[, kwargs]]) -> value Call a callable object with positional arguments taken from the tuple args, and keyword arguments taken from the optional dictionary kwargs. Note that classes are callable, as are instances with a __call__() method.†   aka: application ✍

return — a statement that stops the execution within a function, sending the cursor of execution to the function that applyed the current function, and providing a value for the apply expression.   perl: [control flow]: get out of a function early†   php: If called from within a function, the return() statement immediately ends execution of the current function, and returns its argument as the value of the function call. return() will also end the execution of an eval() statement or script file. &dagger.   mentioned: cut, empty, frame, group, higher order function, idempotent, iteration, whether ✍

statement — an element of a program's syntax that may express stateful operations like assignment, control flow like if and while, or the evaluation of an expression.   mentioned: apply, block, control flow, exec, lvalue, return ✍

log — logarithm.   opposite: exp   is: exponential   distinct: print   perl: [number]: retrieve the natural logarithm for a number†   php: natural logarithm &dagger.   mentioned: linear logarithmic time, logarithmic time, magnitude, non polynomial time ✍

terminal — see: tty ✍

screen — mentioned: tty ✍

letter — a char from an alphabet, as opposed to a numeric glyph or idiogram among other classes of character.   is: char   mentioned: case, lexicographic, lower, radix36, radix64, space, upper ✍

character — a person in a story or game, albeit an automated "non-player character" or npc.   distinct: char   see: char   mentioned: machine, stream ✍

chr — see: char   python: chr(i) -> character Return a string of one character with ordinal i; 0 <= i < 256.†   perl: [string]: get the character this number represents; see: [char]†   php: return a specific character &dagger. ✍

codepoint — a number that corresponds to a glyph in the unicode table.   a transitive function that converts a character to its corresponding codepoint.   aka: ord   aka: code   related: unicode   mentioned: charset, font ✍

number — concept: a whole, natural, integer, real, or complex numeric value.   a transitive function that returns the corresponding number, usually limited to a subset of the real domain like int or float. ✍

ascii — mentioned: char ✍

unicode — related: codepoint   python: unicode(string [, encoding[, errors]]) -> object Create a new Unicode object from the given encoded string. encoding defaults to the current default string encoding. errors can be 'strict', 'replace' or 'ignore' and defaults to 'strict'.† ✍

charset — a transitive function of codepoint numbers to corresponding glyphs.   aka: encoding   mentioned: char ✍

transitive function — concept: a unary function that consistently returns the corresponding value in a range for a given key in a domain.   distinct: relation, binary relation, transitive relation ✍

wchar_t — mentioned: char ✍

int — a magnitude-limited integer.   a constructor or transitive function for an integer type that may convert strings to integers in a given radix or default to 10, or round floating point or decimal numbers with floor.   a linear ordered collection of bits of fixed length. if iterating an integer as a bit vector is supported by a language, it starts from the little end, the lowest magnitude, bit 0.   related: floor, ceil   classes: nyble, byte, signed, unsigned, int16, int32, int64, uint16, uint32, uint64   python: int(x[, base]) -> integer Convert a string or number to an integer, if possible. A floating point argument will be truncated towards zero (this does not include a string representation of a floating point number!) When converting a string, use the optional base. It is an error to supply a base when converting a non-string. If the argument is outside the integer range a long object will be returned instead.†   perl: [number]: get the integer portion of a number†   distinct: integer   aka: word   mentioned: char, long, short, symbol, uint ✍